Java is being most heavily populated but having a small
percentage of the Indonesia’s water, the island is predicted to face a clean
water crisis. Java has less than 10 percent of the country's water, whereas more
than 140 million people live on the island, nearly 60 percent of the country's
population. The 2015 estimation by Robert Wahyudi Triweko, an expert on
engineering and the management of water resources, disclosed that water demand
on Java reached 164.672 million cubic meters per year, while the availability
of water was only 30.569 million cubic meters per year, leaving a big deficit
gap of 134.103 million cubic meters per year. Meanwhile, Kalimantan has 30
percent of Indonesia's water and only inhabited by six percent of Indonesia's
population.
Water demand increase is triggered by urbanization. At the
same time, it is also affected by climate change. It is started from sea level
rise and increasing rainfall, as well as higher peak flood runoff which affected
by urbanization. Those occurences increase flood volume in wider risk area.
Finally, it becomes new problem which is increasing flood damage in more houses
which builded due to urbanization. Therefore, improvements in water management
and related infrastructure are important for solving the problems which
threatening future economic success.
